ANSWER: d)
Hydralazine
DESCRIPTION:
Hydralazine is used as anti-hypertensive drug, it is
actually a smooth muscle relaxant, causes vasodilation so reduces blood
pressure, also it reduces afterload by decreasing afterload when acting on
vascular smooth muscles.
Losartan and Valsartan are ARBs that is Angiotensin II receptor
blockers. Angiotensin II which is a more potent form is involved in vasoconstriction,
and release of aldosterone and vasopressin. Vasopressin causes additional constriction
of blood vessels and retains water in the body, whereas aldosterone conserves
water and sodium and hence increases blood pressure. When ARB is used,
angiotensin II cannot bind to the receptor, and hence vasodilation, aldosterone
and vasopressin are not released and hence lower the blood pressure.
Perindopril and Lisinopril are ACEIs that is Angiotensin
Converting Enzyme Inhibitors. ACE is an
enzyme involved in the conversion of Angiotensin I to Angiotensin II, hence
with the use of ACEIs, Angiotensin II is not formed and thus reduction in the
blood pressure is achieved.
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