Pharma BCQ- Famciclovir

ANSWER: B

DESCRIPTION

Famciclovir is the prodrug of penciclovir. It is used in the treatment of genital herpes and chickenpox.

Pharma BCQ- Sildenafil

ANSWER: C

DESCRIPTION

Isordil is a trade name of Isosorbide dinitrate, which belongs to the class of nitrates, treats cardiovascular diseases by vasodilation. When Sildenafil is used concomitant with Isordil, result in a severe drop in blood pressure.

Pharma BCQ- Cold Remedy

ANSWER:  B

DESCRIPTION

Cold remedy is a combination of an analgesic, sedating anti-histamine, nasal decongestant and ascorbic acid. The Beecham’s Hot Lemon and Honey sachet is  a cold preparation containing paracetamol, ascorbic acid and a nasal decongestant phenylephrine.

Pharma BCQ- Clarinase

ANSWER: D

DESCRIPTION

Clarinase contains Loratadine which is second generation anti-histamine and pseudoephedrine which is nasal decongestant. The therapeutic alternative is Cirrus which contains Cetirizine which is second generation anti-histamine and a nasal decongestant that is pseudoephedrine.

Pharma BCQ- Bronchodilation

ANSWER: A

DESCRIPTION

Adrenaline causes bronchodilation, and is used in anaphylactic shock. Kinins, Prostaglandin E2 and Histamine are inflammatory mediators. In allergic reactions, these inflammatory mediators cause bronchoconstriction. Guaifenesin is expectorant, which promotes the expulsion of the mucus.

Pharma BCQ- Digoxin

ANSWER: E

DESCRIPTION

Digoxin is a cardiac glycoside, which is used in heart failure. It decreases the conduction of AV node and is so used in atrial fibrillation. It has a long half-life, so it is used once daily and is excreted by kidneys, so in renal impaired patients the dose is low.  It increases the contraction of myocardial cells, so it is used in heart failure. Arrhythmias, atrial tachycardia occur due to digoxin toxicity. The chances of toxicity are more in electrolyte disturbances such as hypercalcaemia, hypokalaemia and hypomagnesaemia.

Pharma BCQ- Unstable Angina

ANSWER: B

DESCRIPTION

The management of unstable angina is to use anti-platelet drugs such as Aspirin and Clopidogrel, in order to reduce the chances of Myocardial infarction and death. Isosorbide dinitrate can also be used, as it is a vasodilator, it improves the blood supply to cardiac cells. Exercise stress test cannot be performed in unstable angina.

Pharma BCQ- PUD

ANSWER: B

DESCRIPTION

Omeprazole should not be used in breast feeding, neither to be used in gastric carcinoma, as it worsens the condition. It is used as a triple therapy in the eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection.

Pharma BCQ- Losec MUPS

ANSWER: B

DESCRIPTION

Losec MUPS contain omeprazole; it contains dispersible tablets that can be added in water or fruit juice. It cannot be chewed.

Pharma BCQ- PUD

ANSWER: A

DESCRIPTION

The adverse effects experienced by the patient include headache, diarrhea and dry mouth, are due to omeprazole.

Pharma BCQ-PUD

ANSWER: D

DESCRIPTION

Nurofen is a proprietary preparation of ibuprofen which is NSAID, and it causes peptic ulceration, so it must not be used in peptic ulcer disease. Clarityn contains Loratadine which is second generation, non- sedating anti-histamine, and Rennie which is an antacid containing Calcium Carbonate and Magnesium Carbonate does not cause bleeding and are safe to be used.

Pharma BCQ- PUD

ANSWER: C

DESCRIPTION

The duration of treatment for peptic ulcer disease with Helicobacter pylori is 1 week, using the combination of two antibiotics such as clarithromycin, amoxicillin with a proton pump inhibitor such as Omeprazole.

Pharma BCQ- Daktacort

ANSWER: D

DESCRIPTION

Daktacort is applied sparingly, that is twice daily for one week.

Pharma BCQ- Daktacort

ANSWER: B

DESCRIPTION

Daktacort is prescribed in patients having fungal infections along with inflammation of the skin.

Pharma BCQ- Dektacort

ANSWER: D

DESCRIPTION

Daktacort contains hydrocortisone, which is a mild steroid, because of which it is rarely associated with side effects as compared to other steroids. It can only be discarded once the expiry has elapsed. It can be applied once or twice daily for a week. It is available in the form of cream or ointment.

Pharma BCQ- Daktacort

ANSWER: D

DESCRIPTION

Daktacort is a combination of hydrocortisone and miconazole.

Pharma BCQ- Xenical

ANSWER: A

DESCRIPTION

Xenical is a pancreatic lipase inhibitor. The side effects of which include faecal urgency, liquid oily stools and flatulence. It can be given twice daily before, between or up to 1 hour between the two main meals.

Pharma BCQ- Xenical

ANSWER: B

DESCRIPTION

Xenical is the proprietary preparation of Orlistat, which is used as an adjunct in the treatment of obesity.

Pharma BCQ- Zafirlukast

ANSWER: C

DESCRIPTION

 Zafirlukast is a leukotriene-receptor antagonist. Leukotriene receptor antagonists are used in the prophylaxis of asthma, not in the treatment of acute severe asthma attack.

Pharma BCQ- Tetracyclines

ANSWER:  D

DESCRIPTION

Not all tetracyclines are effective against Neisseria meningitidis, only Minocycline having broader spectrum of activity than other tetracyclines, is active against Neisseria meningitidis. Tetracyclines can be used bot topically or systemically for the treatment of acne.

Pharma BCQ- Pethidine

ANSWER: B

DESCRIPTION

Pethidine is less potent opioid analgesic than morphine. It is not suitable for continuous long lasting pain because of its shorter duration of action.

Pharma BCQ- Co-trimoxazole

ANSWER:  B

DESCRIPTON

Co-trimoxazole is a combination of sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim, it offers synergisitic activity. The use of co-trimoxazole produces rare but serious side effects such as Stevens Johnson Syndrome, blood dyscrasias and bone marrow suppression.

Pharma BCQ- Paclitaxel

ANSWER: D

DESCRIPTION

Paclitaxel is antineoplastic chemotherapeutic agent, used in the treatment of primary ovarian cancer.

Pharma Bcq- Nappy Rash

ANSWER: d) 1 only

DESCRIPTION          

Nappy rash can be best treated by the use of the zinc and castor oil ointment. Mepyramine cream is an antihistamine and Eurax cream contains Crotamiton which is antipruritic agent are of no use in nappy rashes.

Pharma BCQ- Antibiotic

ANSWER: e) 3 only

DESCRIPTION          

Antibacterial is not usually recommended in gastroenteritis. In case of typhoid fever the choices of antibiotics is ciprofloxacin (quinolone), cefotaxime (third generation cephalosporin), or chloramphenicol. In case of Impetigo, the use of systemic flucloxacillin or erythromycin is effective or topical fusidic acid or mupirocin can be used.

Pharma BCQ- Non- Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs

ANSWER: b) 1, 2

DESCRIPTION          

Oruvail is the proprietary name of Ketoprofen, Feldene is the proprietary name of Piroxicam, both of which are non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, whereas Nootropil is the proprietary preparation of Piracetam which is not non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. It is used to enhance the memory and concentration, used as adjunctively in  cortical myoclonus.

Pharma BCQ- Cradle Cap

ANSWER: b) 1, 2

DESCRIPTION          

Cradle cap is a form of seborrhoeic dermatitis, which is common in infants aged 1-3 months. It can be treated by massaging baby oil to the scalp, leaving for overnight  and shampooing afterwards. It is not contagious.

Pharma BCQ- Fluconazole

ANSWER: b) 1, 2

DESCRIPTION          

Fluconazole is triazole anti-fungal agent which can be used in the treatment of recurrent vaginal candidiasis. If used concomitantly with glibenclamide, results in increase in plasma concentration of glibenclamide.

Pharma BCQ- Insulin Aspart

ANSWER: a) 1, 2, 3

DESCRIPTION          

As compared with soluble insulin, insulin aspart is faster in response and shorter in duration of action. It results in higher fasting or pre-prandial blood glucose levels. It is associated with lower incidence of hypoglycemia as compared to soluble insulin.

Pharma BCQ- Rosiglitazone

ANSWER: e) 3 only

DESCRIPTION          

Rosiglitazone is oral anti-diabetic agent of the thiazolidinedione class of drugs; it can be used in combination with metformin or sulfonylurea such as gliclazide. It should be used with caution in patients of cardiovascular diseases.

Pharma BCQ- Anti-lice Lotions

ANSWER: b) 1, 2

DESCRIPTION                        

Anti-lice alcoholic preparations are more effective than the aqueous preparations, these must be avoided in asthmatic patients or in eczema. Alcoholic anti-lice preparations must not be used prophylactically as they are ineffective and may result in the development of resistance.

Pharma BCQ- Terbinafine

ANSWER: b) 1, 2     

  

DESCRIPTION          

Terbinafine is anti-fungal medication, used in the treatment of toe or finger nail fungal infection. It may cause photo-sensitivity as a side effect. The usual treatment requires a period of 3 months or at least 6 weeks in nail infection.

Pharma BCQ- ChickenPox

ANSWER: c) 2, 3

DESCRIPTION          

Chicken pox is caused by herpes zoster virus; it can be contracted from the patient with Shingles and not vice versa. The use of calamine powder or oral sedative, antihistamine is useful to relief the itchy vesicles of chicken pox.

Pharma BCQ- Lichen planus

ANSWER: a) 1, 2, 3

DESCRIPTION                     

Lichen planus is a condition of unknown aetiology, which is characterized by itchy or shiny papules, initially purple in color. It affects the limbs, legs, trunk and mouth, in which case characterized by ulcerative lesions affecting the gingival tissue. Corticosteroids can be given for the treatment.

Pharma BCQ- Verrucas

ANSWER: c) 2, 3

DESCRIPTION          

The patient’s diagnosis is of Verrucas, which are plantar warts caused by the human papilloma virus, affecting the sole of the foot. As it affects the epidermis of the skin, so it appears as hard plaque with a central black region. Salicylic acid must be used which is a keratolytic agent is effective in this regard. Diabetic patients are needed to be recommended.

Pharma BCQ- Levofloxacin

ANSWER: a) 1, 2, 3

DESCRIPTION          

All quinolones must be taken in caution with patients of epilepsy. Levofloxacin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic which is active against both gram positive and gram negative bacteria, however has more pronounced activity towards gram positive such as pneumococci than Ciprofloxacin. It may cause tremors or tachycardia as a side effect.

Pharma BCQ- Testosterone

ANSWER: a) 1, 2, 3

DESCRIPTION                   

Side effects of Depo- Testosterone include anxiety, nausea, vomiting, hirsutism, gynaecomastia, depression, oily skin, acne, pain and redness at the site of injection may also occur.

Pharma BCQ- Vasomotor symptoms

ANSWER: b) 1, 2

DESCRIPTION          

Premarin is used to treat the vasomotor symptoms associated with menopause in patients who have passed through hysterectomy.  Livial contains Tibolone which has oestrogenic, progestogenic and weak androgenic activity, so is used to treat the vasomotor symptoms associated with menopause. Yasmin is combined oral contraceptive containing ethinylestradiol and drospirenone and is not used to treat vasomotor symptoms of menopause.

Pharma BCQ- Dydrogesterone

ANSWER: a) 1, 2, 3

DESCRIPTION          

Dydrogesterone is progesterone analogue, whose one of the indication is in endometriosis. Endometriosis is a medical condition in which endometrial tissue grows outside the uterus. Dydrogesterone is given at a dose of 10 mg twice or thrice daily.it is contraindicated in liver impairment or liver tumors.

Pharma BCQ- Cytotoxic Drug

ANSWER: b) 1, 2

DESCRIPTION          

Cyclophosphamide is alkylating neoplastic, and Capecitabine which is antimetabolite neoplastic agent are used orally, whereas Carboplatin which is a platinum compound can be administered parenterally via intravenous route.

Pharma BCQ- Bromocriptine

ANSWER: c) 2, 3

DESCRIPTION          

Bromocriptine which is dopamine agonist must be taken in caution with psychotic disorders such as Schizophrenia and also requires monitoring of pituitary function in pregnancy. There is no need to decrease the dose or stop the drug in renal impairment.

Pharma BCQ- Tamoxifen

ANSWER: c) 2, 3

DESCRIPTION          

Tamoxifen is estrogen receptor antagonist; it is used to treat breast cancer of the metastatic disease in the postmenopausal women. It is given at a dose of 20 mg once daily. It increases the risk of endometrial cancer. It is given in combination with chemotherapeutic agent. It is prior to use as risk verses benefit means.

Pharma BCQ- Interferon

ANSWER: c) 2, 3

DESCRIPTION          

Interferon beta is used in multiple sclerosis. It is administered only parenterally not orally. It produces irritation at the site of injection; also it produces influenza like symptoms such as fever, malaise, myalgia, and headache. The side-effects decrease with time.

Pharma BCQ- Tinea pedis

ANSWER:  a) 1, 2, 3

DESCRIPTION

Tinea pedis is Athlete’s foot which is a fungal disease which affects the foot. It classically affects between the fourth and fifth interdigital space. The disease appears as itchiness, redness or soreness in the area, with the later in the stage causes macerated skin, or blisters.

Pharma BCQ- Acute Bronchitis

ANSWER: a) 1, 2, 3

DESCRIPTION

Acute bronchitis is characterized by chest tightness, shortness of breath, wheezing, sore throat, and cough beyond 10 days and may contain colorless or purulent sputum and low grade fever.

Pharma BCQ- Lice Infestation

ANSWER: d) 1 only

DESCRIPTION

Hair lice can be detected by hair combing. Itchy scalp is not necessarily being associated due to lice, not all the children with hair lice could have the symptom. Itching can appear due to allergic reaction which can be prominent after few weeks of the infestation and may persist for some time after its eradication; both clean and dirty hair can be susceptible to the infestation of lice.

Pharma BCQ- Tuberculosis

ANSWER:  a) 1, 2, 3

DESCRIPTION

The symptoms of tuberculosis which are mild in the early stage include fever, persistent cough and weight loss.

Pharma BCQ- Carcinoma of the Large Bowel

ANSWER: a) 1, 2, 3

DESCRIPTION

Carcinoma is the carcinoma that arises from the epithelial cells; it begins from the tissues that line the inner or outer surfaces of the body. The carcinoma of the large bowel could present with the bowel obstruction, nausea, vomiting, abdominal distension, constipation or diarrhea. The blood in stool (melaena) may also be present. The carcinoma of the large bowel is at the advanced stage.

Pharma BCQ- Diabetes

ANSWER: b) 1, 2

DESCRIPTION

In diabetes it is advised to the patient to detect the glucose levels every 24 hour which provides the glucose conc. in blood at the time.  It is advised to regularly check blood sugar in order to avoid fluctuations in blood glucose conc. It is not recommended to adjust the insulin dose on daily basis, unless the illness is such that the patient is under medical supervision. It is recommended to adjust the dose once or twice weekly.

Pharma BCQ- Deep Vein Thrombosis

ANSWER: b) 1, 2      

                                                               

DESCRIPTION

Deep vein thrombosis is the thrombus in the veins, affecting the lower legs, characterized by the edema, pain and lower legs appear to be bluish or black in color due to hindered blood circulation.