AD,Lyme's Disease, Broad Spectrum Penicillin

Answer: a- Memantine

Memantine is low affinity voltage dependent uncompetitive glutamatergic NMDA receptor antagonist.

Answer: e- Vitamin E

Answer: d- Doxycycline

Lyme disease is infectious disease caused by bacterium which enters the body by the bite of ticks, causing redness in the area. The rash cannot be painful or itchy. Early treatment involves the oral use of doxycycline.

Answer: b- Co-amoxiclav

Co-amoxiclav is a broad spectrum peniciilin. Co-amoxiclav is a combination of amoxicillin a beta lactam antibiotic and potassium clavulanate as beta lactamase inhibitor.

Answer: d- 154 mEq

One liter of 0.9% of Normal Saline contains 154 mEq of sodium ion= 154 mmol. 154 mEq of chloride ion= 154 mmol.

Smoking cessation, Opioid Withdrawal, AD

Answer: d- Bupropion hydrochloride.

Bupropion hydrochloride is antidepressant which is also used in smoking cessation by reducing cravings and other withdrawal effects.

Answer: a- Lofexidine hydrochloride.

Lofexidine hydrochloride is used commonly in the management of physical symptoms associated with opioid withdrawal.

Answer: b- Donepezil

Donepezil is used in Alzheimer’s disease. It has a small benefit in mental function and ability to function.

Answer: c- Mannitol.

Answer: e- Calcitonin.

Paget’s disease is a bone disease characterized by enlarged and misshapen bones. Calcitonin is associated with increased risk for cancer, so it must be used for a short time in Paget’s disease.

Gilles de la Tourette,Erectile Dysfunction, Huntington's Disease, Spasmodic torticollis, Alcohol Dependence

Answer: c- Sulpiride

Gilles de la Torette syndrome is a neurodevelopmental disorder that occurs in childhood. It is characterized by multiple motor tics and at least one vocal tic. Sulpiride is atypical antipsycotic which can be used in this syndrome.   

 Answer: b- Sildenafil

Answer: b- Tetrabenazine

Huntington’s chorea is inherited disorder characterized by gradual death of brain cells. Tetrabenazine is use d to treat chorea associated due to Huntington’s disease.

Answer: a- Botulinum toxin

Spasmodic torticollis is painful chronic neurological movement disorder causes neck to involuntarily move left, right, backward or upward. Botulinum toxin in the form of injection in the dystonic musculature is used in the treatment of spasmodic torticollis; most often type A botulinum toxin is used.   

 

Answer: e- Disulfiram

Disulfiram is used to treat chronic alcoholism by producing acute sensitivity to ethanol ( drinking alcohol).

Tetracyclines, Epilepsy Medicine, Antioxidant, Parkinsonism, Oxalate Stones

e) Antacids

Answer: b) Carbamazepine
Carbamazepine is anticonvulsant medication used primarily in the treatment of epilepsy and neuropathic pain.

Answer: a) Selenium

Answer: a and d- Pramipexole and Entacapone

Pramipexole is non ergot dopamine agonist and Entacapone is Catechol-O-Methyl Transferase (COMT) inhibitor, are used to treat the symptoms of Parkinson's disease.

b) Ascorbic Acid
Excess consumption of Vitamin C causes kidney stones, as vitamin C is excreted by the kidneys in oxalate form.

Acute to Chronic Pain

1.   Answer:  Addressing sleep disorders can help reduce risk of developing chronic pain disorders.

     An individual's experience with pain varies from person to person, and can depend on interaction among a number of factors, including biological, psychological, and societal processes. A significant number of patients with acute pain often develop persistent chronic pain after the initial illness or injury is resolved. Several studies have shown a positive association between sleep and chronic pain conditions, showing that sleep problems are strong predictors of pain. Biopsychosocial management of pain includes consideration of the patient's history, comorbidities, psychosocial vulnerabilities, and social environment. A multidisciplinary team approach integrating physicians, psychologists, and physical therapists is often necessary to treat and address the multitude of ways pain can affect a patient.