Pharma BCQ- Drug Counseling

ANSWER: b) 1, 2

DESCRIPTION

Digoxin which is a cardiac glycoside and trihexyphenidyl which is anti-muscarinic agent must be taken with caution in elderly patients. These must be taken in low doses to avoid toxicity. Lactulose which is used to relieve constipation can be used safely in elderly patients.

Pharma BCQ- Esomeprazole

ANSWER:  d) 1, 2, 3

DESCRIPTION

Esomeprazole which is a proton pump inhibitor, has various side effects including headache, pruritus and dizziness.

Pharma BCQ- Acarbose

ANSWER: d) 3 only

DESCRIPTION

Acarbose is an anti-diabetic drug, which inhibits intestinal alpha glucosidase enzyme in order to provide glycemic control in type II diabetes; it may cause flatulence and diarrhea. The drug must be taken thrice daily before meals.

Pharma BCQ- Adalat

ANSWER: b) Nifedipine

DESCRIPTION

Adalat is the proprietary name of Nifedipine which is dihydropyridine calcium-channel blocker. it is used to treat high blood pressure or chest pain associated with angina.

Pharma BCQ- Ikorel

ANSWER: c) Nicorandil

DESCRIPTION

Ikorel is the proprietary name of Nicorandil, which is vasodilator in action, used in the treatment of angina.

Pharma BCQ- Utinor

ANSWER: b) Norfloxacin

DESCRIPTION

Utinor is the proprietary name of the Norfloxacin which is synthetic first generation fluoroquinolone. It is used in the treatment of urinary tract infections, sexually transmitted diseases, and in eye infections.

Pharma BCQ- Macrodantin

ANSWER: c) Nitrofurantoin

DESCRIPTION

Macrodantin is the proprietary name of Nitrofurantoin which is used as an anti-infective agent in the treatment of urinary tract infections. 

Pharma BCQ- Imodium

ANSWER: a) 2 mg

DESCRIPTION

Imodium contains Loperamide which is used as an anti-diarrheal is available in the form of capsules, each available in the strength of 2 mg. It is opioid agonist, works by binding to the µ-opioid receptors present in the myenteric plexus of the large intestine, the binding results in the decrease in the tone of the longitudinal and circular smooth muscles in the large intestine, hence results in more water to be absorbed from the fecal matter.

Pharma BCQ- Phenergan

ANSWER: c) 10 mg

DESCRIPTION

Phenergan is promethazine which is synthetic first generation antihistamine of the phenothiazine group. It induces sleep, also used in treating allergies and motion sickness as antiemetic. It is available in strengths of 10 mg or 25 mg tablets.

Pharma BCQ- Zantac

ANSWER:  c) 150 mg

DESCRIPTION

Zantac is Ranitidine which is H₂ receptor antagonist which is used in the treatment of ulcers, acid reflux diseases, heart burn due to acid indigestion.it is also used in condition where there is excess acid production that is in Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome. It is available in the strengths of 75 mg, 150 mg or 300 mg. 

Pharma BCQ- Dulco-lax Tablets

ANSWER:  b) 5 mg

DESCRIPTION

Dulco- lax contains active ingredient Bisacodyl which is stimulant laxative, used to treat constipation. It is available in the strength of 5 mg tablet. it is a derivative of triphenylmethane and has structural similarity to phenolphthalein.

Pharma BCQ- Antidiabetic

ANSWER: e) Levodopa

DESCRIPTION

Levodopa is a drug which is used in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease. Levodopa exacerbates the symptoms of Diabetes Mellitus by causing hyperglycemia. Hence, this drug must be used in caution with Diabetes Mellitus. With further studies it is also found that the drug Levodopa is less effective in Parkinson’s with hyperglycemia, so using Levodopa with anti-diabetic agent can improve its efficacy as Parkinson’s disease.

Pharma BCQ- Thyroid Function

ANSWER: Lithium

DESCRIPTION

Lithium which is used in manic disorder requires the monitoring of thyroid function every 6-12 months. The occurrence of lethargy is an indicative of hypothyroidism with the long term Lithium use, hence requires monitoring.

Pharma BCQ- Epilepsy

ANSWER: b) Fluvoxamine

DESCRIPTION

Fluvoxamine is selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) which must be taken in caution with epilepsy, even discontinued if convulsions occur.

Pharma BCQ- Liver Function Test

ANSWER: e) Fluvastatin

DESCRIPTION:

Fluvastatin is a drug belongs to statins which is used to lower the cholesterol level in order to prevent stroke or MI. Statins require the monitoring of liver function test before and during the treatment. The drug elevates liver enzymes, but this side effect tends to appear rarely. However if appears abdominal pain, dark urine or yellowing of the skin or eyes need consideration.